Risk Prediction Models in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Current State and Future Directions
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with a heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms with high mortality risk. This paper reviews the current risk prediction models used in HCM to identify patients at elevated risk of adverse outcomes, including sudden cardiac death (SCD) and heart failure. Traditional risk factors, such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, family history of SCD, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, are discussed in the context of recent advances in clinical risk assessment tools. The study also evaluates novel biomarkers, imaging parameters, and genetic data as emerging components of comprehensive risk models. By integrating new predictive elements, future risk models could enhance the precision of patient management strategies, including the selection of candidates for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy.
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